Study Shows Viruses are Beneficial

Plus: Comment Guidelines

Potential use of nonpathogenic enteroviruses for control of human disease - PubMed (nih.gov)

PDF - Melnick JL (cd): Prog Med Viro!. Basel, Karger, 1989, vol 36, pp 191-202

Potential Use of Nonpathogenic Enteroviruses for Control of Human Disease Marina K. Voroshilova

Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, USSR

Abstract/Vlll. Summary

“Until recently, it has been generally assumed that all human viruses are causative agents of diseases and should be regarded as harmful pathogenic agents that require control measures. In the early 1950s we began to doubt this view. In the course of experiments on virus isolations from feces of normal children, as well as in studies of isolates from animals and from tissue cultures, data accrued which suggested that some conditionally pathogenic and some completely nonpathogenic strains of enteroviruses may provide some benefit to their host by inhibition of pathogenic viruses and by activating nonspecific protective functions of the organism. The novel concept of beneficial viruses was proposed which suggested that the process of co-evolution of the host organism and its associated viral flora led to a specific interaction between them that was beneficial for both. This concept provides a potential approach to the nonspecific prevention of viral diseases by means of the interference between beneficial enteroviruses and pathogenic viruses belonging to different classes.

The existence of numerous naturally occurring nonpathogenic eoenteroviruses leads us to suggest that they comprise an ecologically stable community that inhabits the human intestinal tract. The intestinal tract is the organ of the body where interaction between the organism and the environment is probably most intimate; the symbiosis between the macroorganism and the microorganism is especially when developed in enteric bacteria, which possess many properties that are beneficial for the host. We propose that a similar principle governs the relationship between the macroorganism and nonpathogenic enteroviruses and suggest that further understanding of their properties will be of benefit to mankind.”

Live enterovirus vaccines (LEV - not normal vaccines) were used in the study to introduce viruses into the body.

The study states:

“The results of our observations and investigations proved the existence of a novel phenomenon, namely, nonspecific inhibition of pathogenic viruses by nonpathogenic enteroviruses. The mechanism of the interfering effect of LEV against pathogenic enteroviruses and respiratory viruses in man is not yet clear. In addition to competition for habitat and interfering effect, there appears to be a nonspecific stimulation of several protective systems of the body. LEV also induced oncolysis (destruction of some types of malignant cells), and in some cases protected the leukocyte system from the harmful effect of radioactive irradiation. In most of our studies, interferon was demonstrated in the blood, urine, and nasopharyngeal washings of LEV vaccines using several conventional methods. High titers of interferon, however, were not always observed. Our work seems to have a general biological as well as medical importance, opening new prospects for prevention and treatment of a number of diseases.”

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My Thoughts

There are viruses within the realm of science that are not classed as pathogenic, such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), nonpathogenic enteroviruses, latent herpes viruses, and Pegivirus C or GBV-C and many bacteriophages. So-called pathogenic viruses, often misunderstood in practice, share a common origin with more benign viruses—they emerge from a diseased state. However, the outcome of so-called pathogenic viruses is determined by the disease state itself. Similar to other diseases, such as cancer, viruses may appear to attack the body depending on the illness, but this is illusory. This is because the body produces a response agent in reaction to the disease, and the intensity and level of this response can vary depending on the circumstances.

Four years ago, I initially expressed the notion that injected viruses cannot significantly impact the body. However, after conducting extensive research, I am now revising this viewpoint. While it holds true for vaccines containing attenuated tissue mixed with deleterious chemical byproducts, which the body perceives as foreign debris, there are other specific applications for viruses to consider which gives one insight into how the body produces and utilizes viruses.

In the case of direct introduction of specific live viruses into the body, such as oncolytic viruses (which also differ from typical vaccines), the body can sometimes utilize such viruses. When a cell analyzes such viral proteins, it gains access to their genetic information which is then imparted to the cell. Consequently, the cell can employ this information to produce viruses that aid in cleansing. The cell recognizes the usefulness of these proteins and replicates them independently. The cell serves as the source of authority in this process.
The RNA/DNA information of these externally introduced live viruses, if tailored to an individual, enable the cells to replicate them. For example, when an oncolytic virus is used as a therapeutic agent, its RNA is engineered to ensure compatibility with the person receiving the injection. This process involves several steps to modify the virus's RNA in a way that allows it to function effectively and safely within the individual's body.
When an oncolytic virus is introduced into the body, it is normally designed to infect cancer cells specifically. Once inside the cancer cells, cells replicate the virus, leading to the production of multiple copies of the virus within the infected cells.
The replication process of oncolytic viruses is often engineered to be selective for cancer cells. This means that the virus is designed to preferentially replicate within cancer cells while sparing normal, healthy cells. This selectivity can be achieved by modifying the viral genome to take advantage of specific molecular characteristics or signaling pathways that are more prevalent in cancer cells compared to normal cells.
As the oncolytic viruses replicate within the cancer cells, they eventually cause the cancer cells to burst or undergo cell death, releasing newly formed viruses into the surrounding tumor microenvironment. These released viruses can then go on to infect neighboring cancer cells, continuing the cycle of infection, replication, and destruction of cancer cells. The same happens naturally within the human body during episodes of any viral illness, which is merely the production of specific cellular solvent enzymes that target specific cells.

Oncolytic viruses contribute to the destruction of cancer cells through enzymatic processes. These viruses are often engineered to express certain enzymes that can aid in the breakdown of cancer cells and facilitate their destruction.
One common example is the inclusion of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the design of oncolytic viruses. MMPs are enzymes that have the ability to degrade components of the extracellular matrix, which is a network of proteins and molecules that provide structural support to cells and tissues. By expressing MMPs, oncolytic viruses can help break down the extracellular matrix surrounding cancer cells, allowing the virus to penetrate deeper into the tumor and reach more cancer cells.

Thanks for reading,

Jeff Green

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